SUBSTANCES & METHODS
PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES (IN-AND OUT-OF-COMPETITION)
All prohibited substances in this class are Specified Substances.
Any pharmacological substance which is not addressed by any of the subsequent sections of the List and with no current approval by any governmental regulatory health authority for human therapeutic use (e.g. drugs under pre-clinical or clinical development or discontinued, designer drugs, substances approved only for veterinary use) is prohibited at all times
S1 – ANABOLIC AGENTS
Anabolic agents (ANABOLIC AGENTS) are substances that occur naturally or are artificially produced with properties similar to male hormones such as NANDROLONE, METANDIENONE,TESTOSTERONE, etc. They affect muscle g owth by causing protein synthesis and salt and water retention in muscle tissue, making muscles grow larger and heavier. However, studies have shown that sooner or later, muscles that grow from stimulation will retain water and salt even though they don’t increase in size due to protein synthesis. Additionally, this also causes muscle growth to be temporary and can be used for a short time during training and competition. This group is commonly used in sports that require high muscle mass in large amounts and is used continuously for a long time.
Pharmacological Effects
- Dizziness
- Drowsiness
- Growth spurt
- Cancer risk
- High blood pressure
Side Effects in Males
- Testicular atrophy
- Reduced sexual function
- Reduced sperm production
Side Effects in Females
- Voice cracking, deep voice, Mood swings headache, depression
- Irregular menstruation
S2 – PEPTIDE HORMONES, GROWTH FACTORS, RELATED SUBSTANCESAND MIMETICS
Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors and Related Substances that affect hormone for growth, substances with similar properties, and other substances with similar chemical structures or biological effects.
Example: ERYTHROPOIETINS (EPO) (Erythro protein)
Helps the body produce oxygen better. However an lead to death because EPO may cause blood thickening and avoid medical attempts to stop blood clotting, and blood clots in blood vessels may occur.
Side Effects
- High blood pressure
- Heart works too hard until heart disease develops
- Heart stops or sudden cardiac arrest
- Makes body weak
Example: GROWTH HORMONE (Growth hormone)
Makes muscles and bones strong and can restore flexibility faster.
Side Effects
- Disproportionate growth such as large face, chin, forehead, and jaw which cannot be reversed
- Heart disease which leads to high blood
pressure and heart failure - Liver, diabetes, and blurred vision
- Liver inflammation
And other substances related to factors affecting growth or growth inhibitors that affect muscle fiber formation in the muscle fiber area connected to blood vessels and using energy to restore muscle fiber shape.
S3 – BETA-2 AGONISTS
Used in medical treatment for various conditions such as heart disease and other circulatory system diseases. Therefore, athletes who need to use these substances should check through WWW.GLOBALDRO.COM before use or consult with the Doping Control Agency (DCAT).
Side Effects
- Heart rate irregularity
- Nausea
- Drowsiness
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Heart failure
- Insomnia
S4 – HORMONE AND METABOLIC MODULATORS
Hormone and Metabolism Control Substances
For example: Hormone inhibitors (ESTROGEN) and (PROGESTERONE) – female hormones that play a role in sexual development, female
characteristics, menstruation, pregnancy, and are often used to treat breast cancer or irregular menstruation, or as birth control.
- Hormonal abnormalities
- Physical characteristics change to opposite gender characteristics (e.g., depression, deep voice, voice cracking in females)
- Fat accumulation and weight gain
Metabolism control substances are substances that help the metabolic system work better, causing the body to use energy more efficiently, creating competitive advantages, such as Insulin, Meldonium
Side Effects
- Heart works too hard, leading to heart disease
- Low blood in extremities including headache,fatigue, dizziness, nausea, irregular heartbeat,blurred vision
- Low blood pressure
- Insomnia
S5 – DIURETICS AND MASKING AGENTS
Diuretics (DIURETICS) are substances used to reduce water content in the body, or often used to reduce weight quickly in sports that have weight class competitions. Medically, they are used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, kidney disease, and edema.
Side Effects
- Makes the body dehydrate faster than normal, such as electrolyte imbalance
- Causes muscles to weaken and may cause sudden muscle cramps
- Body loses water, leading to heat exhaustion (Heat exhaust)
- Heat stroke – unconsciousness due to body’s inability to regulate heat, can lead to coma or death
- Low blood pressure
- Abnormal sensory perception
- May increase fatigue in some cases, leading to dizziness or sudden fainting
M1 – MANIPULATION OF BLOOD AND BLOOD COMPONENTS
1. Blood doping or reintroduction of blood or blood components into the circulatory system, whether it’s AUTOLOGOUS, ALLOGENIC (HOMOLOGOUS) ORHETEROLOGOUSBLOOD, RED BLOOD CELL PRODUCTS OF ANY ORIGIN INTO THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM)
2. Artificially enhancing oxygen uptake, transport, or delivery including but not limited to: PERFLUOROCHEMICALS (perfluorocarbon polymers [carbon13]), and haemoglobin products such as haemoglobin-based blood substitutes (HAEMOGLOBIN-BASED BLOOD SUBSTITUTES), microencapsulated haemoglobin products (MICROENCAPSULATED HAEMOGLOBIN PRODUCTS), but not including supplemental oxygen by inhalation (SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN BY INHALATION)
3. Any form of intravascular manipulation of blood or blood components by physical or chemical means (MANIPULATION
OF THE BLOOD), BLOOD COMPONENTS
Side Effects
- Heart disease and blood clots
- Blood viscosity
- Blood vessel blockage
- lncreased risk of viral infection and cancer
M2 – CHEMICALAND PHYSICAL MANIPULATION
1. TAMPERING Attempting to tamper with the integrity and validity of samples during the doping control process, substitution and/or adulteration
2. INTRAVENOUS INFUSIONS AND/OR INJECTIONS More than 100 milliliters within 12 hours is considered a prohibited method, except for those legitimately received during medical treatments, surgeries, or clinical diagnostic procedures
M3 – GENE AND CELL DOPING
The use of nucleic acids or nucleic acid analogues that may alter genome sequences and/or gene expression by any mechanism. This includes but is not limited to gene editing, gene silencing and gene transfer technologies.
S6 – STIMULANTS
Stimulants are substances that stimulate the heart, affect the functioning of various systems within the body such as increasing blood circulation, causing oxygen to be delivered to muscles more efficiently. Most are commonly found in nasal decongestants, cold medicines, or ADHD medications.
Side Effects
- Heart rate irregularity
- High blood pressure
- Muscle inflammation
- Joint inflammation
- Circulatory system abnormalities
- Nausea, abnormal responses
- Seizures
Examples
- Pseudoephedrine
- Metamfetamine
- Sibutramine
- Amfetamine
- Adrafinil
- Modafinil
S7 – NARCOTICS
Addictive substances that once consumed will create both physical and mental dependence that cannot be stopped immediately. Requires increasingly larger amounts leading to physical and mental illness affecting both body and mind. Can cause acute pain.
Side Effects
- Fatigue
- Sleepy, lazy
- Pain
- Respiratory system can be suppressed causing difficulty breathing and possibly death from heart failure
- Kidney
- Hepatitis
- Seizures
Examples
- Tramadol
- Morphine
- Cocaine
- Opioids
S8 – CANNABINOIDS
Cannabinoids are substances derived from natural or synthetic cannabis. Currently, there are natural cannabis substances like CANNABIS HASHISH and MARIJUANA and synthetic substances like A9-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL or THC which have many structures. Using cannabis can cause hallucinations and stimulation of muscle movement, reduce pain. If used in large amounts, it can cause addiction even though it can be used in sports. Besides medical use, it also affects both physical and mental health.
Side Effects
- Lost consciousness
- Drowsiness
- Anxiety
- Cancer
- Loss of memory
- Body deterioration
- Seizures
- Blood vessel disease
- Impaired physical performance
S9 – GLUCOCORTICOIDS
This group of substances is widely used in treating various diseases such as reducing tissue inflammation, joint and muscle inflammation, skin diseases, and respiratory diseases. These are synthesized substances that increase blood sugar levels, providing the body with more energy and affecting the immune system’s function.
Examples
- Triamcinolone
- Prednisone
- etamethasome
Side Effects
- Infection / Chronic inflammation
- Water retention in body
- Brittle bones / Osteoporosis
- Liver inflammation
- Stomach ulcers
- Blood vessels are more easily damaged
SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED IN PARTICULAR SPORTS
P1 – BETA BLOCKER
Beta-blockers are prohibited only during competition in the following sports, and will also be prohibited out-of-competition where indicated
- Archery
- Auto Racing
- Billiards and Snooker (all disciplines)
- Darts
- Golf
- Shooting (target)
- Underwater Sports (various underwater disciplines)
